Fentanyl is a powerful synthetic opioid that is primarily used to treat severe pain, such as that experienced by patients undergoing surgery or those suffering from chronic pain conditions like cancer. It is known for its potency, being 50 to 100 times stronger than morphine, and its rapid onset of action. Because of its effectiveness and strength, fentanyl is prescribed to manage pain when other pain medications are insufficient.
However, fentanyl also has a significant potential for abuse, addiction, and overdose, which has contributed to its involvement in the opioid epidemic. This drug is part of a larger class of substances called opioids, which include both prescription medications and illegal substances like heroin. While fentanyl in its prescribed form is intended for medical use, illicit fentanyl has been increasingly found on the black market, where it is often mixed with other drugs, leading to dangerous and often fatal consequences.
Medical Use of Fentanyl
In medical settings, fentanyl is administered in various forms, including patches, lozenges, and injections. The fentanyl patch is typically used for long-term pain management in patients who are already opioid-tolerant, as it releases the drug gradually over a period of 72 hours. Fentanyl is also used in anesthesia during surgeries to provide quick and effective pain relief.
Fentanyl works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for regulating pain and emotions. When fentanyl binds to these receptors, it alters the way the body perceives pain, providing relief from intense pain. In addition to its analgesic properties, fentanyl can induce feelings of euphoria, which is one of the reasons it is so highly sought after in the world of illicit drugs.